Einführung: Netzwerke & Chains
Das Layer-Konzept
Blockchains werden oft in Schichten unterteilt. Layer 1 (L1) bezeichnet die Basisschicht (z.B. Ethereum oder Bitcoin), die für Sicherheit und Endgültigkeit sorgt. Layer 2 (L2) Lösungen bauen darauf auf, um die Kapazität zu erhöhen und Kosten zu senken.
EVM vs. Non-EVM
Die EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) ist ein Standard für Smart Contracts. EVM-kompatible Netzwerke erlauben die Nutzung derselben Tools und Wallets (z.B. MetaMask). Non-EVM Netzwerke (z.B. Solana) nutzen eigene Architekturen für maximale Performance.
Bitcoin
The Bitcoin Network is the most secure blockchain in the world. With Proof-of-Work, Lightning Payments, and Satoshi subdivision, it forms the monetary basis of the crypto market.
Lightning Network
The Lightning Network scales Bitcoin through off-chain payment channels. It enables instant micropayments with minimal fees – the payment infrastructure of the Bitcoin ecosystem.
Rootstock
Rootstock is a Bitcoin Layer-2 smart contract platform enabling DeFi, tokenization, and dApps through merge-mined security and EVM compatibility.
Bitcoin Gold
Bitcoin Gold ist ein Bitcoin-Fork mit GPU-Mining via Equihash. Ziel war es, ASIC-Dominanz zu reduzieren und Mining wieder breiter zugänglich zu machen.
Bitcoin SV
Bitcoin SV relies on massive on-chain scaling with large blocks and low fees. The network focuses on payments, data integration, and enterprise blockchain applications.
Ethereum
The Ethereum Network is the leading smart contract infrastructure of Web3. With DeFi, NFTs, Layer-2 scaling, and Wei subdivision, it forms the programmable backbone of the blockchain economy.
Solana
The Solana Network combines Proof of History with Proof of Stake and achieves extremely high speeds with minimal fees – an infrastructure for real-time Web3 applications.
Binance Smart Chain
BNB Chain is a highly scalable smart contract blockchain with low fees and a strong DeFi ecosystem. As a Binance-adjacent network, it combines trading liquidity with Web3 infrastructure.
Avalanche
Avalanche is a multi-chain smart contract platform with subnets and second-finality. The network scales horizontally and enables customized blockchain infrastructures.
Arbitrum
Arbitrum scales Ethereum via optimistic rollups. Transactions are bundled off-chain, executed more cheaply, and secured by Ethereum—a central Layer 2 execution layer.
Base
Base is an Ethereum Layer-2 based on Optimistic Rollups. Low fees, OP Stack integration, and a focus on consumer apps make it a scalable Web3 execution layer.
Polygon
Polygon scales Ethereum through sidechains, ZK-rollups, and app-chains. Low fees, high speed, and POL tokenomics make it key infrastructure for Web3 adoption.
Optimism
Optimism scales Ethereum via Optimistic Rollups: lower transaction costs, high speed, and OP governance. With the Superchain, an interoperable network of Layer-2 chains emerges.
zkSync
zkSync scales Ethereum via zero-knowledge rollups. Validity proofs enable fast finality, low fees, and high security – without challenge periods.
Starknet
StarkNet ist ein STARK-basierter ZK-Rollup für Ethereum. Validity Proofs, Cairo-Smart-Contracts und hohe Skalierbarkeit machen es zu einer fortschrittlichen Layer-2-Infrastruktur.
Mantle
Mantle is a modular Ethereum Layer-2 with external data availability. Low fees, high scalability, and MNT governance make it infrastructure for DeFi, AI, and data-intensive Web3 apps.
Linea
Linea is a zkEVM Layer-2 for Ethereum that scales transactions using Zero-Knowledge proofs. Low fees, high security, and Consensys integration drive Web3 adoption.
Scroll
Scroll ist eine zkEVM-Layer-2 für Ethereum mit bytecode-level Kompatibilität. Zero-Knowledge-Proofs senken Gebühren, erhöhen Skalierung und sichern Transaktionen mathematisch ab.
Blast
Blast is an Ethereum Layer-2 with native yield: ETH and stablecoins generate returns automatically. Scaling, low fees, and capital productivity unite in a new rollup economy.
Ronin
Ronin is a gaming-optimized Layer-1 blockchain for NFTs and play-to-earn economies. Low fees, high scalability, and RON staking drive Web3 gaming.
Cronos
Cronos is an EVM-compatible Layer-1 focused on DeFi, Payments, and Web3-Commerce. CRO powers transactions, staking, and exchange integration within the Crypto.com ecosystem.
Cardano
Cardano is a research-based Layer-1 blockchain with Ouroboros PoS, Lovelace subdivision, and on-chain governance. Focus: security, scalability, and sustainable Web3 infrastructure.
Polkadot
Polkadot connects blockchains via Relay Chain and Parachains into an interoperable multi-chain network. DOT secures governance, staking, and cross-chain communication.
Cosmos
Cosmos connects sovereign blockchains via IBC into an interoperable multi-chain ecosystem. ATOM secures governance, staking, and cross-chain communication in the hub-and-zone model.