Einführung: Netzwerke & Chains
Das Layer-Konzept
Blockchains werden oft in Schichten unterteilt. Layer 1 (L1) bezeichnet die Basisschicht (z.B. Ethereum oder Bitcoin), die für Sicherheit und Endgültigkeit sorgt. Layer 2 (L2) Lösungen bauen darauf auf, um die Kapazität zu erhöhen und Kosten zu senken.
EVM vs. Non-EVM
Die EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) ist ein Standard für Smart Contracts. EVM-kompatible Netzwerke erlauben die Nutzung derselben Tools und Wallets (z.B. MetaMask). Non-EVM Netzwerke (z.B. Solana) nutzen eigene Architekturen für maximale Performance.
Blast
Blast is an Ethereum Layer-2 with native yield: ETH and stablecoins generate returns automatically. Scaling, low fees, and capital productivity unite in a new rollup economy.
Scroll
Scroll ist eine zkEVM-Layer-2 für Ethereum mit bytecode-level Kompatibilität. Zero-Knowledge-Proofs senken Gebühren, erhöhen Skalierung und sichern Transaktionen mathematisch ab.
Linea
Linea is a zkEVM Layer-2 for Ethereum that scales transactions using Zero-Knowledge proofs. Low fees, high security, and Consensys integration drive Web3 adoption.
Mantle
Mantle is a modular Ethereum Layer-2 with external data availability. Low fees, high scalability, and MNT governance make it infrastructure for DeFi, AI, and data-intensive Web3 apps.
Starknet
StarkNet ist ein STARK-basierter ZK-Rollup für Ethereum. Validity Proofs, Cairo-Smart-Contracts und hohe Skalierbarkeit machen es zu einer fortschrittlichen Layer-2-Infrastruktur.
zkSync
zkSync scales Ethereum via zero-knowledge rollups. Validity proofs enable fast finality, low fees, and high security – without challenge periods.
Optimism
Optimism scales Ethereum via Optimistic Rollups: lower transaction costs, high speed, and OP governance. With the Superchain, an interoperable network of Layer-2 chains emerges.
Polygon
Polygon scales Ethereum through sidechains, ZK-rollups, and app-chains. Low fees, high speed, and POL tokenomics make it key infrastructure for Web3 adoption.
Base
Base is an Ethereum Layer-2 based on Optimistic Rollups. Low fees, OP Stack integration, and a focus on consumer apps make it a scalable Web3 execution layer.
Arbitrum
Arbitrum scales Ethereum via optimistic rollups. Transactions are bundled off-chain, executed more cheaply, and secured by Ethereum—a central Layer 2 execution layer.
Avalanche
Avalanche is a multi-chain smart contract platform with subnets and second-finality. The network scales horizontally and enables customized blockchain infrastructures.
Binance Smart Chain
BNB Chain is a highly scalable smart contract blockchain with low fees and a strong DeFi ecosystem. As a Binance-adjacent network, it combines trading liquidity with Web3 infrastructure.
Solana
The Solana Network combines Proof of History with Proof of Stake and achieves extremely high speeds with minimal fees – an infrastructure for real-time Web3 applications.
Ethereum
The Ethereum Network is the leading smart contract infrastructure of Web3. With DeFi, NFTs, Layer-2 scaling, and Wei subdivision, it forms the programmable backbone of the blockchain economy.
Bitcoin SV
Bitcoin SV relies on massive on-chain scaling with large blocks and low fees. The network focuses on payments, data integration, and enterprise blockchain applications.
Bitcoin Gold
Bitcoin Gold ist ein Bitcoin-Fork mit GPU-Mining via Equihash. Ziel war es, ASIC-Dominanz zu reduzieren und Mining wieder breiter zugänglich zu machen.
Rootstock
Rootstock is a Bitcoin Layer-2 smart contract platform enabling DeFi, tokenization, and dApps through merge-mined security and EVM compatibility.
Lightning Network
The Lightning Network scales Bitcoin through off-chain payment channels. It enables instant micropayments with minimal fees – the payment infrastructure of the Bitcoin ecosystem.
Bitcoin
The Bitcoin Network is the most secure blockchain in the world. With Proof-of-Work, Lightning Payments, and Satoshi subdivision, it forms the monetary basis of the crypto market.